The Basics of the Nutrition Facts Label

NOTE: The new Nutrition Facts label appears on all food items as of January 1, 2021. Learn more about the new labels by visiting the FDA website.

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Step 1: Start with the Serving Size

• Look here for both the serving size (the amount people typically eat at one time) and the number of servings in the package.

• Compare your portion size (the amount you actually eat) to the serving size listed on the panel. The Nutrition Facts applies to the serving size, so if the serving size is one cup and you eat two cups, you are getting twice the calories, fat and other nutrients than what is listed on the label.

Step 2: Check Out the Total Calories

• Find out how many calories are in a single serving.

Step 3: Let the Percent Daily Values Be a Guide

• Use percent Daily Values (DV) to help evaluate how a particular food fits into your daily meal plan. Percent DV are for the entire day, not just one meal or snack. Daily Values are average levels of nutrients for a person eating 2,000 calories a day. A food item with a 5 percent DV of fat provides 5 percent of the total fat that a person consuming 2,000 calories a day should eat.

• You may need more or less than 2,000 calories per day. For some nutrients you may need more or less than 100 percent DV.

• Low is 5 percent or less. Aim low in saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol and sodium.

• High is 20 percent or more. Aim high in vitamins, minerals and fiber.

Step 4: Check Out the Nutrition Terms

• Low calorie: 40 calories or less per serving.

• Low cholesterol: 20 milligrams or less and 2 grams or less of saturated fat per serving.

• Reduced: At least 25 percent less of the specified nutrient or calories than the usual product.

• Good source of: Provides at least 10 to 19 percent of the Daily Value of a particular vitamin or nutrient per serving.

• Excellent source of: Provides at least 20 percent or more of the Daily Value of a particular vitamin or nutrient per serving.

• Calorie free: Less than five calories per serving.

• Fat free/sugar free: Less than ½ gram of fat or sugar per serving.

• Low sodium: 140 milligrams or less of sodium per serving.

• High in: Provides 20 percent or more of the Daily Value of a specified nutrient per serving.

Step 5: Choose Low in Saturated Fat, Added Sugars and Sodium

• Eating less saturated fat, added sugars and sodium may help reduce your risk for chronic disease.

• Saturated fat and trans fat are linked to an increased risk of heart disease.

• Eating too much added sugar makes it difficult to meet nutrient needs within your calorie requirement.

• High levels of sodium can add up to high blood pressure.

• Remember to aim for low percentage DV of these nutrients.

Step 6: Get Enough Vitamins, Minerals and Fiber

• Eat more fiber, potassium, vitamin D, calcium and iron to maintain good health and help reduce your risk of certain health problems such as osteoporosis and anemia.

• Choose more fruits and vegetables to get more of these nutrients.

• Remember to aim high for percentage DV of these nutrients.

Step 7: Consider the Additional Nutrients

You know about calories, but it also is important to know about the additional nutrients on the Nutrition Facts label.

• Protein: A percentage Daily Value for protein is not required on the label. Eat moderate portions of lean meat, poultry, fish, eggs, low-fat milk, yogurt and cheese, plus beans and peas, peanut butter, seeds and soy products.

• Carbohydrates: There are three types of carbohydrates: sugars, starches and fiber. Eat whole-grain breads, cereals, rice and pasta plus fruits and vegetables.

• Sugars: Simple carbohydrates, or sugars, occur naturally in foods such as fruit (fructose) and milk (lactose) or come from refined sources such as table sugar (sucrose) or corn syrup. Added sugars are included on the updated Nutrition Facts label. The 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends consuming no more than 10 percent of daily calories from added sugars.

Foods with more than one ingredient must have an ingredient list on the label. Ingredients are listed in descending order by weight. Those in the largest amounts are listed first. This information is particularly helpful to individuals with food sensitivities, those who wish to avoid pork or shellfish, limit added sugars or people who prefer vegetarian eating.

The new Nutrition Facts label appears on all food items as of January 1, 2021. Learn more about the new labels by visiting the FDA website.